Intel Core 2 Duo

The Core 2 brand refers to a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit single- and dual-core and 2x2 MCM (Multi-Chip Module) quad-core CPUs with the x86-64 instruction set, based on the Intel Core microarchitecture, derived from the 32-bit dual-core Yonah laptop processor.

The 2x2 MCM dual-die quad-core CPU had two separate dual-core dies (CPUs)—next to each other—in one quad-core MCM package. The Core 2 relegated the Pentium brand to a mid-end market, and reunified laptop and desktop CPU lines, which previously had been divided into the Pentium 4, D, and M brands.

The Core microarchitecture returned to lower clock rate and improved processors' usage of both available clock cycles and power compared with preceding NetBurst of the Pentium 4/D-branded CPUs. Core microarchitecture provides more efficient decoding stages, execution units, caches, and buses, reducing the power consumption of Core 2-branded CPUs, while increasing their processing capacity. Intel's CPUs have varied very wildly in power consumption according to clock rate, architecture and semiconductor process, shown in the CPU power dissipation tables.

The Core 2 brand was introduced on July 27, 2006, comprising the Solo (single-core), Duo (dual-core), Quad (quad-core), and Extreme (dual- or quad-core CPUs for enthusiasts) branches, during 2007. Intel Core 2 processors with vPro technology (designed for businesses) include the dual-core and quad-core branches.

The brand became immediately successful. The processors were introduced into Apple's popular MacBook series of notebooks

The Core 2 branded processors featured the Virtualization Technology , Execute Disable Bit, and SSE3. Their Core microarchitecture introduced also SSSE3, Trusted Execution Technology, Enhanced SpeedStep, and Active Management Technology (iAMT2). With a Thermal Design Power (TDP) of up to only 65 W, the Core 2 dual-core Conroe consumed only half the power of less capable, but also dual-core Pentium D-branded desktop chips[9] with a TDP of up to 130 W (a high TDP requires additional cooling that can be noisy or expensive).

On jobs requiring large amounts of memory access, the quad-core Core 2 processors can benefit significantly[56] from using a PC2-8500 memory, which runs exactly twice the performance as the FSB; this is not an officially supported configuration, but a number of motherboards offer it.

When using DDR memory, performance may be reduced because of the lower available memory bandwidth.

Pentium 4

The Pentium 4 brand refers to Intel's line of single-core mainstream desktop and laptop central processing units (CPUs) introduced on November 20, 2000. They had the 7th-generation microarchitecture, called NetBurst, which was the company's first all-new design since 1995

It features a very deep instruction pipeline to achieve very high clock speeds (up to 4 GHz) limited only by maximum power consumption (TDP) reaching up to 115 W in 3.6–3.8 GHz

In 2004, the initial 32-bit x86 instruction set of the Pentium 4 microprocessors was
extended by the 64-bit x86-64 set

The original Pentium 4, codenamed "Willamette", ran at 1.4 and 1.5 GHz and was released in November 2000 on the Socket 423 platform. Notable with the introduction of the Pentium 4 was the 400 MT/s FSB. It was actually based on a 100 MHz clock wave, but the bus was quad-pumped, meaning that the maximum transfer rate was four times that of a normal bus, so it was considered to run at 400 MT/s.

Pentium 4 CPUs introduced the SSE2 and SSE3 instruction sets to accelerate calculations, transactions, media processing, 3D graphics, and games. They also integrated Hyper-threading (HT), a feature to make one physical CPU work as two logical and virtual CPUs.

The Pentium 4 has an IHS (Integrated Heat Spreader) that prevents the die from accidentally getting damaged when mounting and unmounting cooling solutions.

COLLEGE TIME TABLE

8-9 9-10 10-11 11-12 12-1 1-2 2-3 3-4 4-5 5-6

MON NWT uP uC FA CM <---CM--->

TUE FA CM NWT IP PCOM <--uP uC->

WED PCOM NWT uP uC CM <--PCOM-->

THUR FA NWT uP uC IP PCOM <-----------IP------------>

FRI uP uC CM PCOM FA <---NWT--->

SYLLABUS FOR SEM IV

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